Mahta Fooladi, Roxana Moogouei, Seyed Ali Jozi, Farideh Golbabaei, Golnaz Tajadod,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Phytoremediation is one of the available techniques for removing the volatile organic compound from the air. Benzene and toluene are volatile organic compounds that exist in many occupational environments. Plants are able to reduce benzene and toluene in the air and the use of plants is a simple and consistent solution for the nature to reduce these compositions in the air and improve the air quality of work environments. The phytoremediation potential of Dannae racemosa and Hedera helix were evaluated for remediation of benzene and toluene in air.
Material and Methods: Dannae racemosa and Hedera helix were exposed to exposed benzene(250ppm) and toluene(250ppm) each time alone in a chamber and to examine the decrease amount of benzene and toluene during 6 days. Then plants were exposed to 250ppm and 250ppm of benzene three times with a rest day and the processes of reduction were investigated.
Results: Dannae racemosa was able to remove all of benzene and toluene concentrations from the air after 6 days. Hedera helix was able to reduce all of benzene and toluene concentration from the air after 6 and 5 days, respectively. The differences in Benzene and toluene remediation were assessed between the first and the third subsequent exposure and the results showed that the reduction rate increased for Dannae racemosa.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the Dannae racemosa and Hedera helix could be used for benzene and toluene phytoremediation.
Rouhalah Fooladi, Ali Karimi, Adel Mazloumi, Mohsen Sharif Rohani, Rajabali Hokmabadi,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Introduction: Human factor analysis has been identified as the most common cause of accidents in natural gas transportation and distribution facilities. The occurrence of accidents at these systems, especially gas reduction stations located in residential and industrial areas, has had catastrophic consequences. Therefore, this study aimed at analyzing critical tasks and human error assessment using the system for predictive error analysis and reduction (SPEAR) method and providing the appropriate framework for error management in the operation and maintenance of city gate stations.
Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the SPEAR framework and safety critical task analysis guideline to evaluate errors in gas pressure reduction stations. First, critical tasks were screened and evaluated, followed by performing task analysis by the hierarchical task analysis and detecting performance-influencing factors (PIF). Then, human errors were predicted and assessed based on the predictive human error analysis. Finally, error management was developed at three process, equipment, and training improvement levels.
Results: In general, out of 23 operations and 164 sub-tasks, 12 critical tasks were identified based on the results. Criticality level percentages were about 67% high risk, 25% moderate, and 8% low risk. In addition, 134 errors were identified which were mostly related to action (42.53%) and checking (39.55%) errors, respectively. Eventually, communication, retrieval, and selection errors were 8.96, 5.22, and 3.74%, respectively.
Conclusion: The results revealed that action and checking errors had the highest percentages. This method can be applied to appropriate the systems approach to error reduction using the PIF assessment output. The privilege affecting factors include preparing standard operation procedures, implementing a comprehensive training program, and controlling environmental hazards.
